• br Method of literature search

  2025-02-25

  

  Method of literature search Disclosures Acknowledgment The authors thank and acknowledge Mrs. Jaini Parekh, BFA, for illustrating the diagram in Figure 1. An overview of angiogenesis Angiogenesis is a biological process through which there is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-

• Structural and functional imaging studies searching for

  2025-02-25

  

  Structural and functional imaging studies searching for specific cortical areas related to each cognitive function domain have provided clues to the spreading patterns of cognitive dysfunction (Domoto-Reilly et al., 2012, Firbank et al., 2016, Li et al., 2012, Machulda et al., 2003, Mandal et al., 2

• br Introduction AMP activated protein kinase AMPK has been

  2025-02-25

  

  Introduction AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been found to be a key character against cardiovascular diseases and cellular stress. When activated by certain stress, AMPK regulates sugars and fatty acids that are good or detrimental to the heart. For example, targeting AMPK phosphorylation

• br Materials and methods br Conflict of interest br

  2025-02-25

  

  Materials and methods Conflict of interest Acknowledgments We thank Christine Heiner (Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh) for her critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (R01GM115366, R01CA160417, and R01CA

• br Stress glucocorticoids as risk factor

  2025-02-25

  

  Stress/glucocorticoids as risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: preclinical studies A role for glucocorticoids in shaping the risk for AD is supported by animal studies using rats or mice injected with Aβ oligomers, tau protein or excitotoxins, or transgenic (Tg) mice carrying mutations associated

• Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released

  2025-02-25

  

  Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released from most cells, including neurons and glias. Endogenous adenosine acts at four principal G-protein-associated receptor subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b and A3 (Ralevic and Burnstock, 1998). The stimulation of adenosine receptors by extracellular adenos

• PAN induced nephrosis was accompanied by loss of

  2025-02-25

  

  PAN-induced nephrosis was accompanied by loss of body weight, decrease of food intake, increase in urine volume and increases in triglycerides and cholesterol levels, which have been reported previously (Natori et al., 1996). Except for urine volume, each one of these measures was improved by A-3069

• In summary we suggest that both cofilin and gelsolin are

  2025-02-25

  

  In summary, we suggest that both cofilin and gelsolin are essential factors that regulate sperm capacitation and the acrosomal exocytosis by modulating actin. The relationships between activation/inactivation of cofilin and gelsolin suggest that inhibition of cofilin is important for allowing F-acti

• Plant material and growth conditions Arabidopsis thaliana ec

  2025-02-25

  

  Plant material and growth conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia was grown on a mixture of soil, vermiculite, and perlite (4:2:1) with a 16h light/8h dark TKI-258 in a temperature-controlled growth room (22°C), unless indicated otherwise. Molecular cloning and plant transformation. The c

• REM sleep is proposed to create an environment

  2025-02-25

  

  REM sleep is proposed to create an environment to facilitate plasticity processes that create a generalized downregulation of synaptic strength (Grosmark et al., 2012; Tononi and Cirelli, 2014), while synapses are upregulated specifically by the reactivation of neuronal firing sequences experienced

• Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not a

  2025-02-25

  

  Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major Q-VD-Oph α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esterase-inhibitin

• br The complementary role of chaperone mediated autophagy Ch

  2025-02-24

  

  The complementary role of chaperone mediated autophagy Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) mediates the degradation of specific cellular proteins and participates in the regulation of lipid metabolism, DNA repair, or the response to stress (Kaushik and Cuervo, 2018). CMA provides an alternative pa

• Recent studies have indicated that V ATPase activity negativ

  2025-02-24

  

  Recent studies have indicated that V-ATPase activity negatively regulates vacuolar fusion in vivo[17]. Since we have demonstrated that the pah1Δ isx have a more acidic vacuolar pH than the WT cells, and the genes involved in the pump activity are upregulated compared to WT, the pah1Δ cells' acidity

• With regard to the first question

  2025-02-24

  

  With regard to the first question, subcellular fractionation studies revealed that BDK and PPM1K are clearly detectable in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic subcellular fractions, thus making it possible for these enzymes to interact with both the BCKDH and ACL substrates. The preferential presen

• Regulators of the DDR have therefore

  2025-02-24

  

  Regulators of the DDR have therefore become attractive targets for cancer therapy primarily through two potential approaches. First, to be used as chemo- or radiosensitisers to increase the effectiveness of standard genotoxic treatments and to help prevent or overcome the development of resistance.

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